1.Order by:
The sql order by is used to sort the results in ascending or descending order.
By default it will sort the results in ascending order.
Syntax: Select column_Names from table order by column_Names asc|Desc
Command:

Output:

2.Select into:
Select into command copies the data from one table and inserts the data into the new table.
Automatically new table will create.
Syntax: select * into NewTable from ExistingTable
To copy few columns in the table:
Syntax: select column_names into NewTable  in from ExistingTable
Command:

Output:

3.Select into with condition

Command:

Output:

4.Insert Into Select:

• It will copy the data from one table and insert into another existing table.
• It will not create new table.
• It copies the data from one existing table and insert into another existing table.
• If the values are not filled then it wil contain null values

Syntax: Insert into existing_table_2(Column_Names) select Column_names from existing_table_1
Command:

Output:


5.BackUp:
 The main reason for data backup is to save important files.If  a system crash or hard drive   failures occurs Then we can restore the backup_database..

• Backup is the way to protect data from Media failures,Hardware failures.
• Full Database backups represent the whole database at the time of the  backup finished.
• Differential database backups contain only changes made to the database.

Step-1: Expand databases and select the database which you want to backup.Right Click on the database.

   

Step-2: Select the backup type in the backup option.i.e Full or Differential
 
Step-3: After selecting Full backup type, Click on Add button to add the Backup in another disk


Step-4: After clicking Add button one window will open , Browse the destination disk

Step-5: Select the required path for the backup file and specify the filename.Click ok button

Step-6: After clicking the ok button. A window will open to confirm your destination path.Click ok button.

Step-7: Afer Clicking ok button.Select the new path and click ok button.

Step-8: After clicking ok button a message will be displayed.

6.Case:
The Sql case command is used to create different outputs based on condition.
Command:

Output:

7.Null Function:
  1)IsNull:

•   It is used to allow you to return an alternative value when the actual value is null.
•   Its scope is with in that command. 
•   If the Expression is not null then it will return the expression.

  Syntax: ISnull(Expression,value)
  Command: 
  Here the student phone number is null.so, when we calculate null then total is 1

Output

Command:

Output

Command:Applying is null function

Output

2)Coalesce:

•  It is also like is null function But it will allow number of values.
•  It will return the First non null value in a list.

 Syntax: Coalesce(Expression,value_1,value_2)

 Command:

Output:

8.Patindex:

• The Patindex() function returns the position of a pattern in a string.
• It is not case sensitive.
• The string position starts from 1.
• If the pattren is not found then it will return 0.

Syntax:  patindex(%Pattren%,String)

• %% :It is required.Match any string
• []:Matches any character in the brackets.
• [^]:Matches any character not in the brackets.

Command:

Output:

Command:

Output:

Command:

Output:

9.Stuff:

The stuff function deletes a part of a string and inserts another string into the string strating at a specified position.

Syntax: Stuff(String, start, length, new_String)

10.Comments:

Comments are readable explanations in the queries.

The code or queries with in the comments will never execute.

we have two types of comments.

i.Single line comment: -- Code--

ii.Multi line comment: /* Code */